The flu spread around the world in epidemic seasons and impose a significant economic burden is the cost of treatment in the hospital and other health costs and loss of production. In the United States , for example, recently estimated that the cost of the flu on the U.S. economy up to about 167 billion dollars a year . The estimated incidence of the flu annually by 5 to 15 % of humans are infected , mostly in the upper part of the respiratory tract and rarely forced the patient to be admitted to hospital and also rarely occur deaths , but for those who suffer from chronic diseases and serious or older . The estimated number of deaths around the world because of the flu according to the WHO report in 2003 from 250 thousand to 500 thousand people every year . It usually occurs in the elderly that is greater than 65 years . The influenza viruses currently circulating in the world , which cause diseases are divided into two groups A and falls under this group are two important human being first (ah1n1 & Ah3n2) which is currently the second , which can cause death. Influenza viruses known to have two different protein , one known antibody and the other on the surface of the virus. The genetic makeup of influenza viruses allows it to happen pivotal changes permanent path known as antibodies , and these changes require annual reformulation of influenza vaccines . Pandemic Influenza During the twentieth century is the influenza virus of type A of the same three times , especially in the formation of the protein component H causing a global pandemic in many deaths . It was months and B is known as the Spanish flu epidemic which hit large parts of the world and killed about 40 million people between 1918 and 1919. And recently appeared two types of pandemic influenza event between two 1957 : Asian flu and the 1968 Hong Kong flu . Has resulted in a large spread in cases and deaths is huge. The owner of this epidemic among young sharp results even though they were not as dramatic rates occurred in the Spanish influenza . Recently there was also limited to the type of spread of the flu , which is transmitted directly through birds to humans occurred in Hong Kong in 1997 and 2003. The influenza virus is transmitted easily from person to person through the air by fine particles secreted into the atmosphere when sneezing or coughing infected person, and flu viruses enter the body through the nose and throat. And take between one day to four days until it appears on the human disease. A person who is suffering from influenza can transmit the disease from the day before they develop symptoms until seven days thereafter. The disease moves very quickly, especially in the middle of people crowded areas . The cold weather make the virus to live longer outside the body and as a result of the spread of this disease is seasonal in temperate zones appears in the winter . And respiratory disease caused by influenza is difficult to be determined according to the diseases caused by other germs infect the respiratory system on the basis of symptoms alone. But in any case during the spread of influenza, the majority of people are looking for medical advice to infection of the upper respiratory tract and must obtain confirmation of the lab periods between the spread of influenza. And rapid diagnostic tests become available and certainly can be used for the detection of influenza viruses within 30 minutes. In spite of the availability of rapid diagnostic tests, the range of models or laboratory specimens for transplantation viral remains crucial in providing information pertaining to the spread of various types of influenza and its assets. This is needed to reach a decision regarding the treatment of influenza vaccine composition for the following year. Types of vaccines against influenza The vaccine is an essential for the prevention of influenza, and reduces the impact of the spread of the disease is endemic, have become available recently different types of influenza vaccines are used for more than 60 years and is safe and effective in avoiding all of the intermediate results and acute influenza . It is recommended that the elderly and people who are considered at risk of symptoms associated with the flu because of their health conditions should be basic to receive the vaccine .Amid the elderly , the vaccine is believed to reduce the impact of the results associated with the disease by 60 % and death from influenza by 70 to 90% dependent effective influenza vaccine mainly on the age and status of the immune system that receives the vaccine and the degree of similarity between the viruses in the vaccine and those in the disease cycle . Treatment and prevention of the disease : Antivirals For the majority of the flu is an infection in the upper respiratory tract , which lasts for several days and require treatment.
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